Pressure Points

Tongue pressure from bits in horses occurs when the bit rests on or presses down against the horse’s tongue, a sensitive and muscular structure within the mouth. Different types of bits apply varying degrees of pressure to the tongue depending on their design. For example, single-jointed bits may create a "nutcracker" effect that directs pressure both to the tongue and the bars, while ported bits can relieve or intensify tongue pressure depending on the height and shape of the port. Excessive or constant tongue pressure can lead to discomfort, resistance, or behaviors such as tongue evasions or opening the mouth. Bit fit, rider hands, and the horse’s individual mouth anatomy all influence how much tongue pressure is exerted, making careful bit selection essential for comfort and effective communication.

Lip pressure from bits in horses refers to the contact and force applied to the corners and outer edges of the mouth, where the lips are soft and sensitive. Most bits, especially snaffles, exert some degree of pressure on the lips when the reins are engaged, helping to guide and steer the horse. This pressure is typically used to encourage lateral flexion or turning. However, if the bit is too narrow, improperly fitted, or used with excessive rein tension, it can pinch or bruise the lips, causing discomfort or sores.

Bar pressure in horses refers to the pressure exerted by a bit on the bars of the mouth, which are the toothless, sensitive areas between the front and back teeth on the lower jaw. Most bits apply some degree of bar pressure when the reins are engaged. The amount and type of pressure depend on the bit's design—single-jointed snaffles can concentrate pressure sharply on the bars, while double-jointed or mullen mouth bits distribute it more evenly.  While bar pressure helps in steering and stopping the horse, excessive or harsh use can cause pain, bruising, or resistance.

Chin pressure from bits in horses typically occurs when a curb bit is used in combination with a curb chain or strap. When the reins are engaged, the shanks of the bit rotate, causing the curb chain to tighten under the horse’s chin groove. This creates pressure on the sensitive tissue between the lower jawbones, encouraging the horse to lower its head and flex at the poll. The amount of pressure depends on the length of the bit’s shanks, the tightness of the curb chain, and the rider’s hand. While moderate chin pressure can aid in refining communication and achieving collection, excessive or constant pressure can cause discomfort, resistance, or even bruising. Proper adjustment of the curb chain and appropriate use of rein aids are essential to avoid pain and maintain the horse’s responsiveness and comfort.

Poll pressure in horses refers to the pressure applied to the top of the head, just behind the ears, by certain types of bits and bridles. Bits that use leverage—like curb bits, Pelhams and gags—create poll pressure through the crownpiece of the bridle when the reins are engaged. This can encourage a horse to lower its head and flex at the poll, aiding in proper head carriage.

While poll pressure can be a useful training aid, excessive or incorrect use may cause discomfort, resistance, or behavioral issues.

Nose pressure from bits in horses generally arises when bits are used in conjunction with specific types of bridles or nosebands, such as a hackamore or combination bit. In these setups, rein tension transfers some of the force to the horse's nasal bone and surrounding soft tissue. This pressure can help influence head carriage and braking, especially in bitless or hybrid systems, but it must be used with care. The nasal area is sensitive, and excessive pressure can lead to pain, bruising, or even damage to the cartilage and bone. Proper fitting of the noseband and thoughtful rein use are crucial to avoid restricting the horse's breathing or causing discomfort. Nose pressure can be a useful aid when applied correctly, but misuse can result in resistance, tension, or long-term injury.